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Development and Validation of the Delaying Gratification Inventory in Japanese (DGI‐J)

Takayuki Goto* (Osaka University)

Kaichi Yanaoka (Osaka Kyoiku University)

Yuka Ozaki (Toyo University)

Michael Hoerger (Tulane University)

Japanese Psychological Research

First published: 19 February 2025

https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12574

Abstract

We often face situations requiring us to exert self-control, wherein we set goals and invest plenty of effort in achieving them, but are also disturbed by urges to give in to temptations. Since self-control is associated with outcomes across various domains, it is important to assess individual domain-specific differences in self-control to further understand how it develops and contributes to successful outcomes. The present study aimed to develop and validate the Japanese version of the Delaying Gratification Inventory, a well-developed measure for assessing one's ability to delay gratification in five domains: food, physical pleasures, social interactions, money, and achievement. We created the Delaying Gratification Inventory in Japanese (DGI-J) using back translation. We conducted surveys to test its validity using two discrete samples: crowd-workers and university students. Our results showed that the DGI-J is a valid measure for assessing self-control in the abovementioned domains, except for the internal consistency for the Physical subscale. We also created a 10-item short form of the DGI-J from an item-response theory perspective and tested its validity. We discuss how the DGI-J can contribute to the literature on self-control.

セルフコントロールの領域別の個人差を測定する成人向け指標 Delaying Gratification Inventory について，日本語版DGI-Jの作成および妥当性検証を行った研究です。

後藤崇志先生（大阪大学）を中心として，柳岡開地先生（大阪教育大学），さらにオリジナルの英語版を開発された Michael Hoerger 先生も共同研究者にお迎えし，このプロジェクトを進めてきました。

このプロジェクトに，優れた研究者の方々といっしょに取り組んだことで，私自身多くのことを学ぶことができました。共同研究者のみなさまに感謝申し上げます。

そして今後，DGI-J が日本におけるセルフコントロール研究の発展に役立ててもらえることを期待しています。